Articles
Exploring the impact of interprofessional simulation on the professional relationships of trainee pharmacists and medical students: a constructivist interview study
Editor

Introduction

Members of clinical teams can hold stereotyped views of one another that can form barriers to interprofessional cohesion and collaboration. Interprofessional education (IPE) is often championed as a way of teaching individuals to be better team players through the adoption of collaborative attitudes and behaviours. However, the potentially detrimental effects of IPE are not well understood. This study used the social identity approach (SIA) as a lens to explore the impact of interprofessional simulation on the identities and professional relationships of trainee pharmacists and medical students.

Methods

Across three different locations in Scotland, trainee pharmacists were paired with medical students to participate in immersive simulation scenarios with post-scenario debriefs. Participants were individually interviewed shortly after their simulation session, using a semi-structured interview schedule based on SIA. Transcripts were analysed using template analysis, with sub-categorizations of SIA forming the initial coding template.

Results

Twenty-five interviews were undertaken across both groups. The interprofessional simulation session effectively challenged pre-existing stereotypes. For the trainee pharmacists, the alteration of self-stereotypes influenced motivation through self-enhancement and, in turn, altered group norms via the promotion of genuine collaboration and joint decision-making. However, social comparisons focussed on status remained prominent.

Discussion

This study has shown that interprofessional simulation can effectively challenge and alter stereotypes (including self-stereotypes), but social comparisons may be less easy to overcome in this context. As it continues to be embedded within healthcare education, the limitations of IPE must be better understood to ensure that the potential value of such opportunities is maximized.

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Harnessing system-focused simulation, debriefing and FMEA to inform healthcare blood transfusion safety and policy
Editor

Introduction

Healthcare systems improvement using simulation and debriefing is an increasingly employed, yet underutilized quality improvement tool to enable user-centred design. This approach allows users to experience real-life systems and processes through simulation and then provide feedback on how a system supports them within their role. Understanding this interaction of people and their systems is critical to safe, quality, reliable and efficient care and bridges the gap between how we think a system is working and how it is working.

Methods

This novel project was collaboratively developed and led by simulation, human factors and patient safety experts and used existing organizational safety data to target further high-risk safety threats surrounding administering, cross-checking and labelling blood products for transfusion. A system-focused simulation-based approach was used to identify system issues for a large healthcare organization’s transfusion policy redesign. A Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was then used to apply a risk score to the findings from the simulation user feedback to inform a large high-risk policy redesign.

Results

Multiple recommendations were provided to the participating units and policy and procedure redesign teams surrounding environmental issues, standards, interpretation and usability of the policy.

Discussion

Our collaborative patient safety, simulation and human factors project was successful in proactively identifying both active and latent factors contributing to adverse events and identifying recommendations using FMEA methodology to improve patient safety, including revisions to the physical space within the lab, and the provincial blood transfusion policy and procedure.

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The influence of patient gender in healthcare professional decision-making: an interaction analysis of simulation debriefings
Editor

Introduction

Previous research suggests that gender bias is pervasive in health care and has deleterious effects on treatment outcomes for patients. When developing and improving training on gender bias, we need to further our understanding of how such topics arise and are sustained in conversations between healthcare professionals (HCPs). The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of patient gender in HCP decision-making by analyzing how they surface, discuss and manage topics around gender.

Methods

An ethnomethodological qualitative study using discursive psychology and conversation analysis was implemented to examine 10 simulation debriefs in a specialized mental healthcare simulation centre in London. Video footage was obtained from mental health simulation training courses on bias in clinical decision-making, involving HCPs from mixed healthcare professions. Following transcription of selected segments, the debriefs were analyzed and repeated patterns of interaction were captured in distinct themes.

Results

Four main themes were identified from the data, indicating some of the ways in which conversations about gender are managed: collaboration (to encourage discussion), surprise (when unexpected topics arose), laughter (to diffuse tense situations) and silence (demonstrating careful thinking). Patients with mental health conditions were perceived differently in terms of treatment decisions due to existing gender biases.

Discussion

The persistence of gender bias that may result in discrimination in health care with negative consequences attests to the need for greater awareness and training development at various levels to include an intersectional approach.

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Editor Profile
Prof. Debra Nestel, Editor-in-Chief

Editor Debra Nestel is Professor of Simulation Education in Healthcare, Monash University, and Professor of Surgical Education, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Australia. Debra was previously Editor-in-Chief (EIC), BMJ Simulation and Technology Enhanced Learning (STEL), and founding EIC, Advances in Simulation. She is program lead for the Graduate Programs in Clinical Simulation (Monash University) and the Graduate Programs in Surgical Education (University of Melbourne). Debra leads a national faculty development program for simulation practitioners – NHET-Sim (www.nhet-sim.edu.au). In 2021, Debra received the award of Member of the Order of Australia for her service to healthcare simulation. She has received other national awards for her work in healthcare simulation and a Presidential Citation from the Society for Simulation in Healthcare. Debra has published over 200 peer-reviewed papers in health professions education, edited books on simulated patient methodology (2015), healthcare simulation (2017), surgical education (2019) and research methods for healthcare simulation (2019) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Debra_Nestel

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Indexing

The International Journal of Healthcare Simulation - Advances in Theory & Practice (IJoHS) is a single-blind peer-reviewed open access journal. The journal currently publishes free of any article processing charges.

The journal is a member of Crossref and is actively exploring opportunities for inclusion in the leading scientific indexes. Each article is given a unique digital object identifier (DOI), these are shared with the scientific community through channels including Crossref and Google Scholar.



Official Journal of

  • Society for Healthcare Simulation, India
  • Society for Healthcare Simulation, India
  • Pan Asia Simulation Society in Healthcare

International Journal of Healthcare Simulation is the official journal of the Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare, Society for Healthcare Simulation, India and Pan Asia Simulation Society in Healthcare.